Wtc 7 what was inside

The UAF research team utilized three approaches for examining the structural response of WTC 7 to the conditions that may have occurred on September 11, First, we simulated the local structural response to fire loading that may have occurred below Floor 13, where most of the fires in WTC 7 are reported to have occurred. Second, we supplemented our own simulation by examining the collapse initiation hypothesis developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST.

Third, we simulated a number of scenarios within the overall structural system in order to determine what types of local failures and their locations may have caused the total collapse to occur as observed.

These other buildings, including Philadelphia's One Meridian Plaza, a story skyscraper that burned for 18 hours in , did not collapse due to differences in the design of the structural system. Factors contributing to WTC 7's collapse included: the thermal expansion of building elements such as floor beams and girders, which occurred at temperatures hundreds of degrees below those typically considered in current practice for fire-resistance ratings; significant magnification of thermal expansion effects due to the long-span floors in the building; connections between structural elements that were designed to resist the vertical forces of gravity, not the thermally induced horizontal or lateral loads; and an overall structural system not designed to prevent fire-induced progressive collapse.

There were some differences between the fires in WTC 7 and those in the referenced buildings, but these differences were secondary to the fire factors that led to the collapse of WTC 7: 1 Fires in high rise buildings typically have a single point of origin on a single floor, whereas the fires in WTC 7 likely had a single point of origin on multiple 10 floors; 2 ; fires in other high rise buildings were due to isolated events, whereas the fires in WTC 7 followed the collapse of WTC 1; 3 water was available to fight fires in the other high rise buildings, but the water supply to fight fires in WTC 7 was impaired; and 4 while the fires in the other buildings were actively fought by fire fighters to the extent possible, in WTC 7, no efforts were made to fight the fires.

The differences in the fires were not meaningful for the following reasons. By the time that WTC 7 collapsed, the fires in WTC 7 had advanced well beyond the likely points of origin on multiple floors i. Additionally, in each of the other referenced buildings, the fires burned out several floors, even with available water and fire fighting activities except for WTC 5.

Thus, whether the fire fighters fought the WTC 7 fires or not is not a meaningful point of dissimilarity from the other cited fires. WTC 7's collapse, viewed from the exterior most videos were taken from the north , did appear to fall almost uniformly as a single unit. This occurred because the interior failures that took place did not cause the exterior framing to fail until the final stages of the building collapse.

The interior floor framing and columns collapsed downward and pulled away from the exterior frame. There were clues that internal damage was taking place, prior to the downward movement of the exterior frame, such as when the east penthouse fell downward into the building and windows broke out on the north face at the ends of the building core.

The symmetric appearance of the downward fall of the WTC 7 was primarily due to the greater stiffness and strength of its exterior frame relative to the interior framing.

In the draft WTC 7 report released Aug. This time period is 40 percent longer than the 3. During the public comment period on the draft report, NIST was asked to confirm this time difference and define the reasons for it in greater detail. To further clarify the descent of the north face, NIST recorded the downward displacement of a point near the center of the roofline from first movement until the north face was no longer visible in the video.

Numerical analyses were conducted to calculate the velocity and acceleration of the roofline point from the time-dependent displacement data. The instant at which vertical motion of the roofline first occurred was determined by tracking the numerical value of the brightness of a pixel a single element in the video image at the roofline.

The analyses of the video both the estimation of the instant the roofline began to descend and the calculated velocity and acceleration of a point on the roofline revealed three distinct stages characterizing the 5. This analysis showed that the 40 percent longer descent time—compared to the 3. During Stage 2, the north face descended essentially in free fall, indicating negligible support from the structure below.

This is consistent with the structural analysis model which showed the exterior columns buckling and losing their capacity to support the loads from the structure above.

In Stage 3, the acceleration decreased as the upper portion of the north face encountered increased resistance from the collapsed structure and the debris pile below. While the partial or total collapse of a tall building due to fires is a rare event, NIST strongly urges building owners, operators, and designers to evaluate buildings to ensure the adequate fire performance of structural systems.

Of particular concern are the effects of thermal expansion in buildings with one or more of the following characteristics: long-span floor systems, connections that cannot accommodate thermal effects, floor framing that induces asymmetric forces on girders, and composite floor systems, whose shear studs could fail due to differential thermal expansion i.

Engineers should be able to design cost-effective fixes to address any areas of concern identified by such evaluations. Several existing, emerging, or even anticipated capabilities could have helped prevent the collapse of WTC 7.

The degree to which these capabilities improve performance remains to be evaluated. Possible options for developing cost-effective fixes include:. NIST is recommending that building standards and codes be strengthened beyond their current intent to achieve life safety to prevent structural collapse even during infrequent building fires like those in WTC 7 when sprinklers do not function, do not exist, or are overwhelmed by fire.

Yes, this possibility was investigated carefully. NIST concluded that blast events inside the building did not occur and found no evidence supporting the existence of a blast event.

In addition, no blast sounds were heard on the audio tracks of video recordings during the collapse of WTC 7 or reported by witnesses. According to calculations by the investigation team, the smallest blast capable of failing the building's critical column would have resulted in a sound level of decibels dB to dB at a distance of at least half a mile, if unobstructed by surrounding buildings.

This sound level is consistent with a gunshot blast, standing next to a jet plane engine, and more than 10 times louder than being in front of the speakers at a rock concert. Preparing a column includes steps such as cutting sections with torches, which produces noxious and odorous fumes. Intentional demolition usually requires applying explosive charges to most, if not all, interior columns, not just one or a limited set of columns in a building.

Thermite is a combination of aluminum powder and a metal oxide that releases a tremendous amount of heat when ignited. It is typically used to weld railroad rails together by melting a small quantity of steel and pouring the melted steel into a form between the two rails. To apply thermite to a large steel column, approximately 0. For a steel column that weighs approximately 1, lbs. This is for one column. It is unlikely that lbs. Given the fires that were observed that day, and the demonstrated structural response to the fires, NIST does not believe that thermite was used to fail any columns in WTC 7.

The metal compounds also would have been present in the construction materials making up the WTC buildings, and sulfur is present in the gypsum wallboard used for interior partitions. The sound levels reported by all witnesses do not match the sound level of an explosion that would have been required to cause the collapse of the building. If the two loud booms were due to explosions that were responsible for the collapse of WTC 7, the emergency responder-located somewhere between the 6th and 8th floors in WTC 7-would not have been able to survive the near immediate collapse and provide this witness account.

The footage was not edited in any way by NIST. The building had three separate emergency power systems, all of which ran on diesel fuel. As background information, the three systems contained two 12, gallon fuel tanks, and two 6, gallon tanks beneath the building's loading docks, and a single 6, gallon tank on the 1st floor. In addition one system used a gallon tank on the 5th floor, a gallon tank on the 8th floor, and a 50 gallon tank on the 9th floor.

Another system used a gallon day tank on the 7th floor. Several months after the WTC 7 collapse, a contractor recovered an estimated 23, gallons of fuel from these tanks. The fate of the fuel in the day tanks was unknown, so NIST assumed the worst-case scenario, namely that they were full on Sept. The fate of the fuel of two 6, gallon tanks was also unknown.

Therefore, NIST also assumed the worst-case scenario for these tanks, namely that all of the fuel would have been available to feed fires either at ground level or on the 5th floor. A refreshing bit of courageous journalism despite the nearly two decades conspiracy of silence.

Amidst our current global uncertainties, we must seek truth and integrity to ensure freedom and justice, it is the birthright of our humanity. There is so much proof that this is true. And yet we sit and except it as normal. What have we become? This may be a bit extreme, however, until the reasons can be validated as to how an object that is not in motion can have an amount of inertia to move in downward and outward at free fall, in a pyroclastic cloud of dust and the ejection of thousands of tons of steel sideways well over feet, that all building must come to an end and the subject of physics must be suspended.

I am ashamed of science in general as it has become a perverse form of modeling using false assumptions and reverse engineered outcomes that are not possible nor repeatable using what we used to know as the scientific method.

Thank you for this. Yes, thank you for your fearless journalism! The truth necessarily should set The People freaked! But free nonetheless. Thanks for publishing this! On September 11, , the world witnessed the total collapse of three large steel-framed high-rises.

Since then, scientists and engineers have been working to understand why and how these unprecedented structural failures occurred. If one of my students had written either of the NIST reports not only would I have failed them but I would also have had them thrown out of my programme for serious violation of research ethics both in fabrication and falsification of evidence together with failure to supply sufficient information for me to be able to reproduce their results which is an essential requirement for any scientific report.

There are two hypotheses on offer — Fire and Controlled Demolition. Dr Hulsey and his colleagues have demonstrated that it was not fire. Then after the building collapsed, where was the evidence of all the steel having been cut. Cutting steel columns leaves the ends of columns cut and it would be obvious to any one of the hundreds of people on the site afterwards. Thank you for this article. Thank you for doing your jobs as journalists.

The only respectable news website on the internet who has reported on this. The ownership and those in charge of security at the WTC complex are the prime suspects. Why am I not surprised such fair coverage came from a Canadian institution rather than one from the US, with its misguided penchant to support Amnerican exceptionalism.

This is awesome news but the Sheople are still in passive mode, waiting to be told what to think or how to respond to a yet complicit mainstream media determined to keep them in the dark and under established, corporate control. They shame all of us. It should come with their jobs and commitment to science. But they are, alas, meek and afraid; to stand up to whom? The truth is not nearly so fragile as they would like us to believe. The truth will stand up to any and all questioning.

An excellent article — thank you. The UAF report makes intersting reading and follows thorough investigation of mutliple failure scenario possibilities to find those that fit the best.

Importantly their dynamic analysis of the controlled demolition scenario produces a visual collapse that perfectly matches that seen in the video evidence from that fateful day — something the NIST investigation completely failed to do.

Make money for Richard Gage. This report is to energize the base, and get donations flowing, nothing more. I really enjoyed your article. This creates a paradox in which no one will listen to you if no one will listen to you. Well thank you Mr. Harvey for listening. As an architect I am following this matter for the last 19 years.

This information has been out there all the time. I am happy to see that despite all the time the process of finding the truth is still progressing. Same will happen to the COVID 19 happenings, which are disputed by scientists and medical practitioners all over the world.

Actions speak louder than words. Yet, what we hear from world leaders concerning Civil engineering students at the University of Victoria in B. Canada will face a shortage of at least 10, workers in nationally recognized Economists offered contrasting visions of the construction marketplace in t Pre-Bid Projects. Click here for free access to Conceptual and Planning stage projects from across Canada.

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